Mobility Metrics for St. Louis City, Missouri

These mobility metrics data tables are designed to help local leaders in every county and over 450 cities in the United States measure the status of and progress toward increasing upward mobility and equity in their communities.

The Urban Institute’s Upward Mobility Framework identifies five essential pillars that support mobility from poverty and a set of evidence-based predictors that are strongly correlated with the likelihood that a community can create conditions to boost the economic and social mobility of its residents while narrowing racial and ethnic inequities. These predictors were identified by an interdisciplinary group of experts and refined through testing with cross-sector partners. They cover diverse aspects of community, such as affordable housing, living-wage jobs, and political participation, and can be influenced by state and local policy.

Communities can use this suite of metrics along with the Planning Guide for Local Action as they work to develop a strategic plan for upward mobility and monitor progress over time.

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Pillar: Opportunity-Rich & Inclusive Neighborhoods

Predictor: Housing Affordability

Summary

Metric: Ratio of affordable housing units (per 100 households) with low-, very low-, and extremely low-income levels
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Ratio for low-income households	149.9
Ratio for very low-income households	160.9
Ratio for extremely low-income households	112
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research Fair Market Rents and Income Limits, FY 2021; US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)

Detail

Metric: Ratio of affordable housing units (per 100 households) with low-, very low-, and extremely low-income levels+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Ratio for low-income households	149.9
Ratio for very low-income households	160.9
Ratio for extremely low-income households	112
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research Fair Market Rents and Income Limits, FY 2021; US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)
Notes: This metric reports the number of housing units affordable for households with low-incomes (below 80 percent of area median income, or AMI), very low-incomes (below 50 percent of AMI), and extremely low-incomes (below 30 percent of AMI) relative to every 100 households with these income levels. Income groups are defined for a local family of 4. Housing units are defined as affordable if the monthly costs do not exceed 30 percent of a household's income. Affordability addresses whether sufficient housing units would exist if allocated solely on the basis of cost, regardless of whether they are currently occupied by a household that could afford the unit. Values below 100 suggest that on this basis the affordable stock is insufficient to meet the need. The affordable housing stock includes both vacant and occupied units. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Housing stability

Summary

Metric: Number and share of public-school children who are ever homeless during the school year
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Number homeless	187
Share homeless	1.7%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Department of Education Local Education Agency data, SY 2019-20 (via EDFacts Homeless Students Enrolled). (Time period: School Year 2019-20)

Detail

Metric: Number and share of public-school children who are ever homeless during the school year
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Number homeless	187
Lower/Upper bound	(186, 188)
Share homeless	1.7%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Department of Education Local Education Agency data, SY 2019-20 (via EDFacts Homeless Students Enrolled). (Time period: School Year 2019-20)
Notes: The number of homeless students is based on the number of children (age 3 through 12th grade) who are enrolled in public schools and whose primary nighttime residence at any time during a school year was a shelter, transitional housing, or awaiting foster care placement; unsheltered (e.g., a car, park, campground, temporary trailer, or abandoned building); a hotel or motel because of the lack of alternative adequate accommodations; or in housing of other people because of loss of housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason. The share is the percent of public-school students who are experiencing homelessness out of all public-school students.

More Data

Metric: Number and share of public-school children who are ever homeless during the school year
	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
Number homeless	2019	187
Lower/Upper bound	2019	(186, 188)
Share homeless	2019	1.7%
Data quality	2019	Strong
Number homeless	2018	140
Lower/Upper bound	2018	(139, 141)
Share homeless	2018	4.7%
Data quality	2018	Strong
Source: US Department of Education Local Education Agency data, SY 2018-19 & SY 2019-20 (via EDFacts Homeless Students Enrolled). (Time periods: School Years 2018-19 & 2019-20)
Notes: The number of homeless students is based on the number of children (age 3 through 12th grade) who are enrolled in public schools and whose primary nighttime residence at any time during a school year was a shelter, transitional housing, or awaiting foster care placement; unsheltered (e.g., a car, park, campground, temporary trailer, or abandoned building); a hotel or motel because of the lack of alternative adequate accommodations; or in housing of other people because of loss of housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason. The share is the percent of public-school students who are experiencing homelessness out of all public-school students. Data disaggregated by race/ethnicity became available for the first time in SY 2019-20.

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Predictor: Economic inclusion

Summary

Metric: Share of people experiencing poverty who live in high-poverty neighborhoods
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% in high poverty neighborhoods	10.4%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2017-2021)

Detail

Metric: Share of people experiencing poverty who live in high-poverty neighborhoods+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% in high poverty neighborhoods	10.4%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2017-2021)
Notes: The share of a city's or county's residents living in poverty who also live in high-poverty neighborhoods (defined as census tracts). A high-poverty neighborhood is one in which over 40 percent of the residents live in poverty. People and families are classified as being in poverty if their income (before taxes and excluding capital gains or noncash benefits) is less than their poverty threshold, as defined by the US Census Bureau. Poverty thresholds vary by the size of the family and age of its members and are updated for inflation, but do not vary geographically. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More Data

Metric: Share of people experiencing poverty who live in high-poverty neighborhoods+
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
% in high poverty neighborhoods	All	2021	10.4%
Data quality	All	2021	Strong
% in high poverty neighborhoods	Black	2021	13.5%
Data quality	Black	2021	Strong
% in high poverty neighborhoods	Hispanic	2021	0.5%
Data quality	Hispanic	2021	Marginal
% in high poverty neighborhoods	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	8.0%
Data quality	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	Strong
% in high poverty neighborhoods	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	4.5%
Data quality	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2017-2021)
Notes: The share of a city's or county's residents living in poverty who also live in high-poverty neighborhoods (defined as census tracts). A high-poverty neighborhood is one in which over 40 percent of the residents live in poverty. People and families are classified as being in poverty if their income (before taxes and excluding capital gains or noncash benefits) is less than their poverty threshold, as defined by the US Census Bureau. Poverty thresholds vary by the size of the family and age of its members and are updated for inflation, but do not vary geographically. 'Black' includes Black Hispanics. 'Other Races and Ethnicities' includes those of races not explicitly listed and those of multiple races. Those who identify as other race or multiple races and Hispanic are counted in both the 'Hispanic' and 'Other Races and Ethnicities' categories. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Racial diversity

Summary

Metric: Index of people’s exposure to neighbors of different races and ethnicities
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% for Black, Non-Hispanic	30.8%
Data quality	Strong
% for Hispanic	92.5%
Data quality	Strong
% for Other Races and Ethnicities	89.8%
Data quality	Strong
% for White, Non-Hispanic	35.3%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2017-21)

Detail

Metric: Index of people’s exposure to neighbors of different races and ethnicities+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% for Black, Non-Hispanic	30.8%
Data quality	Strong
% for Hispanic	92.5%
Data quality	Strong
% for Other Races and Ethnicities	89.8%
Data quality	Strong
% for White, Non-Hispanic	35.3%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2017-21)
Notes: A set of metrics constructed separately for each racial/ethnic group and reports the average share of that group's neighbors who are members of other racial/ethnic groups. This is a type of exposure index. For example, an exposure index of 90.0% in the '% for Black, Non-Hispanic' row means that the average Black, non-Hispanic resident has 90.0% of their neighbors within a census tract who have a different race/ethnicity than them. The higher the value, the more exposed to people of different races/ethnicities. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Social Capital

Summary

Metric: Number of membership associations per 10,000 people
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Membership associations	0.6
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns Survey, 2020 and Population Estimation Program, 2016-20; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2016-20)

Detail

Metric: Number of membership associations per 10,000 people+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Membership associations	0.6
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns Survey, 2020 and Population Estimation Program, 2016-20; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2016-20)
Notes: This metric measures the number of membership associations (as self-reported by businesses and organizations) per 10,000 people in a given community. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Social Capital

Summary

Metric: Ratio of Facebook friends with higher socioeconomic status to Facebook friends with lower socioeconomic status (‘economic connectedness’)
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Economic connectedness	0.7
Data quality	Strong
Source: Opportunity Insights’ Social Capital Atlas, 2022. (Time period: 2022)

Detail

Metric: Ratio of Facebook friends with higher socioeconomic status to Facebook friends with lower socioeconomic status (‘economic connectedness’)+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Economic connectedness	0.7
Data quality	Strong
Source: Opportunity Insights’ Social Capital Atlas, 2022. (Time period: 2022)
Notes: This measures the interconnectivity, by location, between people from different economic backgrounds to estimate ‘economic connectedness.’ Specifically, the metric is twice the average share of high-socioeconomic status (SES) friends (e.g., individuals from households ranked in the top half of all income-earning households) among low-SES individuals (e.g., individuals from households ranked in the lower half of all US households based on income) in a given community. A metric value of 1 represents a community that is perfectly integrated across socioeconomic status, with half of all low-SES individuals’ friends being of high-SES. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Transportation access

This metric is not currently available for cities. If you would like to explore this metric further, please refer to its corresponding county.

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Pillar: High-Quality Education

Predictor: Access to preschool

Summary

Metric: Share of (3- to 4-year-old) children enrolled in nursery school or preschool
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% Pre-kindergarten	42.1%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)

Detail

Metric: Share of (3- to 4-year-old) children enrolled in nursery school or preschool+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% Pre-kindergarten	42.1%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)
Notes: The share of a community's children aged three to four who are enrolled in nursery or preschool. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More Data

Metric: Share of (3- to 4-year-old) children enrolled in nursery school or preschool+
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
% Pre-kindergarten	All	2021	42.1%
Data quality	All	2021	Strong
% Pre-kindergarten	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	51.5%
Data quality	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
% Pre-kindergarten	Hispanic	2021	67.9%
Data quality	Hispanic	2021	Strong
% Pre-kindergarten	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	52.2%
Data quality	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	Strong
% Pre-kindergarten	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	61.9%
Data quality	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2018 & 2021 1-Year American Community Survey and 5-Year American Community Survey (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2014-18 & 2017-21)
Notes: The share of a community's children aged three to four who are enrolled in nursery or preschool. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Effective public education

Summary

Metric: Average per grade change in English Language Arts achievement between third and eighth grades
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Annual ELA achievement	NA
Data quality	NA
Source: Stanford Education Data Archive, SY 2017-18 (Version 4.1; Reardon, S. F. et al. 2021; retrieved from http://purl.stanford.edu/db586ns4974). (Time period: School Year 2017-18)

Detail

Metric: Average per grade change in English Language Arts achievement between third and eighth grades
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Annual ELA achievement	NA
Lower/Upper bound	NA
Data quality	NA
Source: Stanford Education Data Archive, SY 2017-18 (Version 4.1; Reardon, S. F. et al. 2021; retrieved from http://purl.stanford.edu/db586ns4974). (Time period: School Year 2017-18)
Notes: The average per year improvement in English/language arts (reading comprehension and written expression) among public school students between the third and eighth grades. Assessments are normalized such that a typical learning growth is roughly 1 grade level per year. '1' indicates a community is learning at an average rate; below 1 is slower than average, and above 1 is faster than average.

More Data

Metric: Average per grade change in English Language Arts achievement between third and eighth grades
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
Annual ELA achievement	All	2017	NA
Lower/Upper bound	All	2017	NA
Data quality	All	2017	NA
Annual ELA achievement	Black, Non-Hispanic	2017	NA
Lower/Upper bound	Black, Non-Hispanic	2017	NA
Data quality	Black, Non-Hispanic	2017	NA
Annual ELA achievement	Hispanic	2017	NA
Lower/Upper bound	Hispanic	2017	NA
Data quality	Hispanic	2017	NA
Annual ELA achievement	White, Non-Hispanic	2017	NA
Lower/Upper bound	White, Non-Hispanic	2017	NA
Data quality	White, Non-Hispanic	2017	NA
Annual ELA achievement	All	2016	NA
Lower/Upper bound	All	2016	NA
Data quality	All	2016	NA
Annual ELA achievement	Black, Non-Hispanic	2016	NA
Lower/Upper bound	Black, Non-Hispanic	2016	NA
Data quality	Black, Non-Hispanic	2016	NA
Annual ELA achievement	Hispanic	2016	NA
Lower/Upper bound	Hispanic	2016	NA
Data quality	Hispanic	2016	NA
Annual ELA achievement	White, Non-Hispanic	2016	NA
Lower/Upper bound	White, Non-Hispanic	2016	NA
Data quality	White, Non-Hispanic	2016	NA
Source: Stanford Education Data Archive, SY 2016-17 & SY 2017-18 (Version 4.1; Reardon, S. F. et al. 2021; retrieved from http://purl.stanford.edu/db586ns4974). (Time period: School Years 2016-17 & 2017-18)
Notes: The average per year improvement in English/language arts (reading comprehension and written expression) among public school students between the third and eighth grades. Assessments are normalized such that a typical learning growth is roughly 1 grade level per year. '1' indicates a community is learning at an average rate; below 1 is slower than average, and above 1 is faster than average. Research suggests that annual improvement in English for Hispanic children will exceed those of White, Non-Hispanic children because Hispanic children, on average, start with lower levels of English language skills and can improve more quickly than children with higher baseline skills. Research suggests that annual improvement in English for students in low-income or economically disadvantaged households will exceed those of non-economically disadvantaged households because students in less advantaged households, on average, start with lower levels of English language skills and can improve more quickly than children with higher baseline skills. 'Low-income' means students are determined to be eligible for their schools' free and reduced-price meals under the National School Lunch Program.

Metric: Average per grade change in English Language Arts achievement between third and eighth grades
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
Annual ELA achievement	All	2017	NA
Lower/Upper bound	All	2017	NA
Data quality	All	2017	NA
Annual ELA achievement	Low Income	2017	NA
Lower/Upper bound	Low Income	2017	NA
Data quality	Low Income	2017	NA
Annual ELA achievement	Not Low-Income	2017	NA
Lower/Upper bound	Not Low-Income	2017	NA
Data quality	Not Low-Income	2017	NA
Annual ELA achievement	All	2016	NA
Lower/Upper bound	All	2016	NA
Data quality	All	2016	NA
Annual ELA achievement	Low Income	2016	NA
Lower/Upper bound	Low Income	2016	NA
Data quality	Low Income	2016	NA
Annual ELA achievement	Not Low-Income	2016	NA
Lower/Upper bound	Not Low-Income	2016	NA
Data quality	Not Low-Income	2016	NA
Source: Stanford Education Data Archive, SY 2016-17 & SY 2017-18 (Version 4.1; Reardon, S. F. et al. 2021; retrieved from http://purl.stanford.edu/db586ns4974). (Time period: School Years 2016-17 & 2017-18)
Notes: The average per year improvement in English/language arts (reading comprehension and written expression) among public school students between the third and eighth grades. Assessments are normalized such that a typical learning growth is roughly 1 grade level per year. '1' indicates a community is learning at an average rate; below 1 is slower than average, and above 1 is faster than average. Research suggests that annual improvement in English for Hispanic children will exceed those of White, Non-Hispanic children because Hispanic children, on average, start with lower levels of English language skills and can improve more quickly than children with higher baseline skills. Research suggests that annual improvement in English for students in low-income or economically disadvantaged households will exceed those of non-economically disadvantaged households because students in less advantaged households, on average, start with lower levels of English language skills and can improve more quickly than children with higher baseline skills. 'Low-income' means students are determined to be eligible for their schools' free and reduced-price meals under the National School Lunch Program.

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Predictor: School economic diversity

Summary

Metric: Share of students attending high-poverty schools, by student race/ethnicity
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% for White, non-Hispanic	7.5%
Data quality	Strong
% for Black, non-Hispanic	90.1%
Data quality	Strong
% for Hispanic	41.5%
Data quality	Strong
Source: National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data, SY 2018-19; Urban Institute’s Modeled Estimates of Poverty in Schools (via Education Data Portal v. 0.17.0, Urban Institute, under ODC Attribution License). (Time period: School Year 2018-19)

Detail

Metric: Share of students attending high-poverty schools, by student race/ethnicity+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% for White, non-Hispanic	7.5%
Data quality	Strong
% for Black, non-Hispanic	90.1%
Data quality	Strong
% for Hispanic	41.5%
Data quality	Strong
Source: National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data, SY 2018-19; Urban Institute’s Modeled Estimates of Poverty in Schools (via Education Data Portal v. 0.17.0, Urban Institute, under ODC Attribution License). (Time period: School Year 2018-19)
Notes: This set of metrics is constructed separately for each racial/ethnic group and reports the share of students attending schools in which over 20 percent of students come from households earning at or below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More data

Metric: Share of students attending high-poverty schools, by student race/ethnicity+
	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
% for White, non-Hispanic	2018	7.5%
Data quality	2018	Strong
% for Black, non-Hispanic	2018	90.1%
Data quality	2018	Strong
% for Hispanic	2018	41.5%
Data quality	2018	Strong
% for White, non-Hispanic	2016	15.4%
Data quality	2016	Strong
% for Black, non-Hispanic	2016	76.5%
Data quality	2016	Strong
% for Hispanic	2016	41.0%
Data quality	2016	Strong
Source: National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data, SY 2017-18 & 2018-19; Urban Institute’s Modeled Estimates of Poverty in Schools (via Education Data Portal v. 0.17.0, Urban Institute, under ODC Attribution License). (Time periods: School Years 2017-18 & 2018-19)
Notes: This set of metrics is constructed separately for each racial/ethnic group and reports the share of students attending schools in which over 20 percent of students come from households earning at or below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Preparation for college

Summary

Metric: Share of 19- and 20-year-olds with a high school degree
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% HS degree	87.0%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)

Detail

Metric: Share of 19- and 20-year-olds with a high school degree+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% HS degree	87.0%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)
Notes: The share of 19- and 20-year-olds in a community who have a high school degree. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More Data

Metric: Share of 19- and 20-year-olds with a high school degree+
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
% HS degree	All	2021	87.0%
Data quality	All	2021	Strong
% HS degree	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	95.9%
Data quality	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
% HS degree	Hispanic	2021	80.5%
Data quality	Hispanic	2021	Strong
% HS degree	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	85.2%
Data quality	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	Strong
% HS degree	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	98.4%
Data quality	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2018 & 2021 1-Year American Community Survey and 5-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2014-18 & 2017-21)
Notes: The share of 19- and 20-year-olds in a community who have a high school degree. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Digital access

Summary

Metric: Share of people in households with broadband access in the home
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% Digital access	81.2%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2017-2021)

Detail

Metric: Share of people in households with broadband access in the home*
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% Digital access	81.2%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2017-2021)
Notes: This metric represents the share of people in households with access to broadband in their home. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not available at this time.

More Data

Metric: Share of people in households with broadband access in the home*
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
% Digital access	All	2021	81.2%
Data quality	All	2021	Strong
% Digital access	Black	2021	73.6%
Data quality	Black	2021	Strong
% Digital access	Hispanic	2021	84.6%
Data quality	Hispanic	2021	Strong
% Digital access	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	86.3%
Data quality	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	Strong
% Digital access	White	2021	87.7%
Data quality	White	2021	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2017-2021)
Notes: This metric represents the share of people in households with access to broadband in their home. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not available at this time.

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Pillar: Rewarding Work

Predictor: Employment Opportunities

Summary

Metric: Employment-to-population ratio for adults ages 25 to 54
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Employment to population ratio	78.7%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)

Detail

Metric: Employment-to-population ratio for adults ages 25 to 54+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Employment to population ratio	78.7%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)
Notes: The share of adults between the ages of 25 and 54 in a given community who are employed. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More Data

Metric: Employment-to-population ratio for adults ages 25 to 54+
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
Employment to population ratio	All	2021	78.7%
Data quality	All	2021	Strong
Employment to population ratio	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	70.2%
Data quality	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
Employment to population ratio	Hispanic	2021	85.4%
Data quality	Hispanic	2021	Strong
Employment to population ratio	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	80.9%
Data quality	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	Strong
Employment to population ratio	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	86.9%
Data quality	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2018 & 2021 1-Year American Community Survey and 5-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2014-18 & 2017-21)
Notes: The share of adults between the ages of 25 and 54 in a given community who are employed. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Access to jobs paying a living wage

This metric is not available for cities. If you would like to explore this metric further, please refer to its corresponding county.

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Predictor: Opportunities for Income

Summary

Metric: Household income at the 20th, 50th, and 80th percentiles
	St. Louis City, Missouri
20th Percentile	$16,479
50th Percentile	$51,496
80th Percentile	$108,657
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time Period: 2021)

Detail

Metric: Household income at the 20th, 50th, and 80th percentiles*
	St. Louis City, Missouri
20th Percentile	$16,479
50th Percentile	$51,496
80th Percentile	$108,657
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time Period: 2021)
Notes: To identify income percentiles, all households are ranked by income from lowest to highest. The income level threshold for the poorest 20 percent of households is the value at the 20th percentile. The 50th percentile income threshold indicates the median, with half of households earning less and half of households earning more. The income level threshold for the richest 20 percent of households is the value at the 80th percentile. The difference in income between households at the 20th percentile and the 80th percentile illustrates the level of local economic inequality. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not available at this time.

More Data

Metric: Household income at the 20th, 50th, and 80th percentiles*
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
20th Percentile	All	2021	$16,479
50th Percentile	All	2021	$51,496
80th Percentile	All	2021	$108,657
Data quality	All	2021	Strong
20th Percentile	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	$11,775
50th Percentile	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	$33,667
80th Percentile	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	$82,394
Data quality	Black, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
20th Percentile	Hispanic	2021	$29,514
50th Percentile	Hispanic	2021	$64,231
80th Percentile	Hispanic	2021	$142,805
Data quality	Hispanic	2021	Strong
20th Percentile	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	$16,178
50th Percentile	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	$53,526
80th Percentile	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	$117,352
Data quality	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	Strong
20th Percentile	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	$31,594
50th Percentile	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	$70,560
80th Percentile	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	$145,448
Data quality	White, Non-Hispanic	2021	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2018 & 2021 1-Year American Community Survey and 5-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time Periods: 2014-18 & 2017-21)
Notes: To identify income percentiles, all households are ranked by income from lowest to highest. The income level threshold for the poorest 20 percent of households is the value at the 20th percentile. The 50th percentile income threshold indicates the median, with half of households earning less and half of households earning more. The income level threshold for the richest 20 percent of households is the value at the 80th percentile. The difference in income between households at the 20th percentile and the 80th percentile illustrates the level of local economic inequality. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not available at this time.

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Predictor: Financial security

Summary

Metric: Share with debt in collections
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% with debt	44.3%
Data quality	Strong
Source: August 2021 credit bureau data, from Urban Institute’s Financial Health and Wealth Dashboard. (Time period: August 2021)

Detail

Metric: Share with debt in collections+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% with debt	44.3%
Data quality	Strong
Source: August 2021 credit bureau data, from Urban Institute’s Financial Health and Wealth Dashboard. (Time period: August 2021)
Notes: The city-level measure captures the share of adults in an area with a credit bureau record with any derogatory debt, which is primarily debt in collections. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More Data

Metric: Share with debt in collections+
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
% with debt	All	2021	44.3%
Data quality	All	2021	Strong
% with debt	Majority Non-White ZIPs	2021	NA
Data quality	Majority Non-White ZIPs	2021	NA
% with debt	Majority White, Non-Hispanic ZIPs	2021	NA
Data quality	Majority White, Non-Hispanic ZIPs	2021	NA
Source: August 2021 credit bureau data, from Urban Institute’s Financial Health and Wealth Dashboard. (Time period: August 2021)
Notes: The city-level measure captures the share of adults in an area with a credit bureau record with any derogatory debt, which is primarily debt in collections. For city-level August 2021 data, ‘majority’ means that at least 50% of residents in a zip code are members of the specified population group. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Wealth-Building Opportunities

Summary

Metric: Ratio of the share of a community’s housing wealth held by a racial or ethnic group to the share of households of the same group
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Black, non-Hispanic Opportunity	18.8%:39.9%
Data quality	Strong
Hispanic Opportunity	2.4%:3.1%
Data quality	Strong
Other Races and Ethnicities Opportunity	5.9%:6.8%
Data quality	Strong
White, non-Hispanic Opportunity	72.9%:50.2%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)

Detail

Metric: Ratio of the share of a community’s housing wealth held by a racial or ethnic group to the share of households of the same group+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Black, non-Hispanic Opportunity	18.8%:39.9%
Data quality	Strong
Hispanic Opportunity	2.4%:3.1%
Data quality	Strong
Other Races and Ethnicities Opportunity	5.9%:6.8%
Data quality	Strong
White, non-Hispanic Opportunity	72.9%:50.2%
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2021)
Notes: The percentage to the left of the colon for a given racial group reflects their share of primary-residence housing wealth in a community, and the percentage to the right of the colon reflects the number of households who are headed by a member of that racial group as a share of the community’s total number of households. If the percentage on the left side of the colon is smaller than the percentage on the right side, then that group has less proportionate housing wealth compared to their presence in the community. The greater the gap between these percentages, the more inequality in housing wealth in the community. This metric is based on self-reported housing value, does not account for the extent of mortgage debt, and does not account for other important demographic variations such as differences in age composition across race and ethnic groups, and as such this metric may not fully reflect the size of the actual housing wealth gap. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More Data

Metric: Ratio of the share of a community’s housing wealth held by a racial or ethnic group to the share of households of the same group+
	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
Black, non-Hispanic Opportunity	2021	18.8%:39.9%
Data quality	2021	Strong
Hispanic Opportunity	2021	2.4%:3.1%
Data quality	2021	Strong
Other Races and Ethnicities Opportunity	2021	5.9%:6.8%
Data quality	2021	Strong
White, non-Hispanic Opportunity	2021	72.9%:50.2%
Data quality	2021	Strong
Black, non-Hispanic Opportunity	2018	29.3%:42.1%
Data quality	2018	Strong
Hispanic Opportunity	2018	2.6%:3.7%
Data quality	2018	Weak
Other Races and Ethnicities Opportunity	2018	3.5%:5.9%
Data quality	2018	Strong
White, non-Hispanic Opportunity	2018	64.6%:48.3%
Data quality	2018	Strong
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2018 & 2021 1-Year American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (via IPUMS); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time periods: 2018 & 2021)
Notes: The percentage to the left of the colon for a given racial group reflects their share of primary-residence housing wealth in a community, and the percentage to the right of the colon reflects the number of households who are headed by a member of that racial group as a share of the community’s total number of households. If the percentage on the left side of the colon is smaller than the percentage on the right side, then that group has less proportionate housing wealth compared to their presence in the community. The greater the gap between these percentages, the more inequality in housing wealth in the community. This metric is based on self-reported housing value, does not account for the extent of mortgage debt, and does not account for other important demographic variations such as differences in age composition across race and ethnic groups, and as such this metric may not fully reflect the size of the actual housing wealth gap. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Pillar: Healthy Environment and Access to Good Healthcare

Predictor: Access to health services

This metric is not available for cities. If you would like to explore this metric further, please refer to its corresponding county.

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Predictor: Neonatal health

This metric is not available for cities. If you would like to explore this metric further, please refer to its corresponding county.

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Predictor: Environmental quality

Summary

Metric: Air quality index
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Air quality index	19
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Environmental Protection Agency’s AirToxScreen data, 2018 (based on 2017 National Emissions Inventory data); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2017-18)

Detail

Metric: Air quality index+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Air quality index	19
Data quality	Strong
Source: US Environmental Protection Agency’s AirToxScreen data, 2018 (based on 2017 National Emissions Inventory data); Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2017-18)
Notes: The index is a linear combination of standardized EPA estimates of air quality carcinogenic, respiratory, and neurological hazards measured at the census tract level. Values are inverted and percentile ranked nationally and range from 0 to 100. The higher the index value, the less exposure to toxins harmful to human health. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More Data

Metric: Air quality index+
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
Air quality index	All	2018	19
Data quality	All	2018	Strong
Air quality index	Majority Non-White Tracts	2018	20
Data quality	Majority Non-White Tracts	2018	Strong
Air quality index	Majority White, Non-Hispanic Tracts	2018	19
Data quality	Majority White, Non-Hispanic Tracts	2018	Strong
Air quality index	No Majority Race/Ethnicity Tracts	2018	19
Data quality	No Majority Race/Ethnicity Tracts	2018	Strong
Air quality index	All	2014	21
Data quality	All	2014	Strong
Air quality index	Majority Non-White Tracts	2014	22
Data quality	Majority Non-White Tracts	2014	Strong
Air quality index	Majority White, Non-Hispanic Tracts	2014	20
Data quality	Majority White, Non-Hispanic Tracts	2014	Strong
Air quality index	No Majority Race/Ethnicity Tracts	2014	20
Data quality	No Majority Race/Ethnicity Tracts	2014	Strong
Source: Environmental Protection Agency’s National Air Toxics Assessment data, 2014 and AirToxScreen data, 2018 (based on 2014 & 2017 National Emissions Inventory data); US Census Bureau’s 2014 & 2018 5-Year American Community Survey; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time periods: 2010-14 & 2014-18)
Notes: The index is a linear combination of standardized EPA estimates of air quality carcinogenic, respiratory, and neurological hazards measured at the census tract level. Values are inverted and percentile ranked nationally and range from 0 to 100. The higher the index value, the less exposure to toxins harmful to human health. 'Majority' means that at least 60% of residents in a census tract are members of the specified group. 'High poverty' means that 40% or more of people in a census tract live in families with incomes below the federal poverty line. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

Metric: Air quality index+
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
Air quality index	All	2018	19
Data quality	All	2018	Strong
Air quality index	High Poverty Tracts	2018	19
Data quality	High Poverty Tracts	2018	Strong
Air quality index	Not High Poverty Tracts	2018	19
Data quality	Not High Poverty Tracts	2018	Strong
Air quality index	All	2014	21
Data quality	All	2014	Strong
Air quality index	High Poverty Tracts	2014	20
Data quality	High Poverty Tracts	2014	Strong
Air quality index	Not High Poverty Tracts	2014	21
Data quality	Not High Poverty Tracts	2014	Strong
Source: Environmental Protection Agency’s National Air Toxics Assessment data, 2014 and AirToxScreen data, 2018 (based on 2014 & 2017 National Emissions Inventory data); US Census Bureau’s 2014 & 2018 5-Year American Community Survey; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time periods: 2010-14 & 2014-18)
Notes: The index is a linear combination of standardized EPA estimates of air quality carcinogenic, respiratory, and neurological hazards measured at the census tract level. Values are inverted and percentile ranked nationally and range from 0 to 100. The higher the index value, the less exposure to toxins harmful to human health. 'Majority' means that at least 60% of residents in a census tract are members of the specified group. 'High poverty' means that 40% or more of people in a census tract live in families with incomes below the federal poverty line. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Safety from Trauma

This metric is not available for cities. If you would like to explore this metric further, please refer to its corresponding county.

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Pillar: Responsible and Just Governance

Predictor: Political participation

Summary

Metric: Share of the voting-age population who turn out to vote
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% voting	56.7%
Data quality	Strong
Source: Voting and Election Science Team, Precinct-Level Election Results 2020 (via Harvard Dataverse); US Census Bureau’s 2020 5-Year American Community Survey Citizen Voting Age Population Special Tabulation; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2016-20)

Detail

Metric: Share of the voting-age population who turn out to vote+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
% voting	56.7%
Data quality	Strong
Source: Voting and Election Science Team, Precinct-Level Election Results 2020 (via Harvard Dataverse); US Census Bureau’s 2020 5-Year American Community Survey Citizen Voting Age Population Special Tabulation; Missouri Census Data Center Geocorr 2022: Geographic Correspondence Engine. (Time period: 2016-20)
Notes: This metric measures the share of the citizen voting-age population that voted in the most recent presidential election. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Descriptive Representation

Detail

Metric: Ratio of the share of local elected officials of a racial or ethnic group to the share of residents of the same racial or ethnic group. Part of this metric is shown. See the notes for information on finalizing this metric.+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Other Races/Ethnicities	__:7%
Black, non-Hispanic	__:45%
Hispanic	__:4%
White, non-Hispanic	__:44%
Source: US Census Bureau’s 2021 5-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2017-21)
Notes: Shown are the share of that racial or ethnic group in your community. The community will need to calculate the missing percentages in order to complete the descriptive representation metric. See the Planning Guide (pg. 27) on how to calculate the missing percentage. Say that of your 10 elected officials, nine are White, non-Hispanic and your community’s population is half White, non-Hispanic, the metric will read as “90.0%:50.0%.” If the share of local officials is higher than the share of people in the community, then this group is over-represented. If the share of local officials is lower than the share of people in the community, then this group is under-represented. We are presenting this as a ratio of percentages because it provides important context. The quality index reflects the data quality only of the given value. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Safety from Crime

Summary

Metric: Reported property crimes per 100,000 people and reported violent crimes per 100,000 people
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Violent crime	1,766
Property crime	8,799
Data quality	Strong
Source: Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) National Incident Based Reporting System (via Kaplan J (2021). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Data. https://nibrsbook.com/); US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2021)

Detail

Metric: Reported property crimes per 100,000 people and reported violent crimes per 100,000 people+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Violent crime	1,766
Property crime	8,799
Data quality	Strong
Source: Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) National Incident Based Reporting System (via Kaplan J (2021). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Data. https://nibrsbook.com/); US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2021)
Notes: Rates are calculated as the number of reported crimes against proprty or people per 100,000 people. Although these are the best national data source, communities should use their local data if they are available. The FBI cautions against using NIBRS data to rank or compare locales because there are many factors that cause the nature and type of crime to vary from place to place. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Predictor: Just policing

Summary

Metric: Juvenile arrests per 100,000 juveniles
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Juvenile arrest rate	1,854
Data quality	Strong
Source: Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) National Incident Based Reporting System (via Kaplan J (2021). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Data. https://nibrsbook.com/); US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2021)

Detail

Metric: Juvenile arrests per 100,000 juveniles+
	St. Louis City, Missouri
Juvenile arrest rate	1,854
Data quality	Strong
Source: Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) National Incident Based Reporting System (via Kaplan J (2021). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Data. https://nibrsbook.com/); US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2021)
Notes: The number of arrests of people aged 10 to 17, for any crime or status offense, per 100,000 people of that age. Because people can be arrested multiple times, the data reports the number of arrests and not people. Although these are the best national data source, communities should use their local data if it is available. The FBI cautions against using NIBRS data to rank or compare locales because there are many factors that cause the nature and type of crime to vary from place to place. The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

More Data

Metric: Juvenile arrests per 100,000 juveniles+
	Group	Year	St. Louis City, Missouri
Juvenile arrest rate	All	2021	1,854.0
Data quality	All	2021	Strong
Juvenile arrest rate	Black	2021	2,809.1
Data quality	Black	2021	Strong
Juvenile arrest rate	Hispanic	2021	0.0
Data quality	Hispanic	2021	Strong
Juvenile arrest rate	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	0.0
Data quality	Other Races and Ethnicities	2021	Strong
Juvenile arrest rate	White	2021	348.5
Data quality	White	2021	Strong
Source: Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) National Incident Based Reporting System (via Kaplan J (2021). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Data. https://nibrsbook.com/); US Census Bureau’s 2021 1-Year American Community Survey. (Time period: 2021)
Notes: The number of arrests of people aged 10 to 17, for any crime or status offense, per 100,000 people of that age. Because people can be arrested multiple times, the data reports the number of arrests and not people. Although these are the best national data source, communities should use their local data if it is available. The FBI cautions against using NIBRS data to rank or compare locales because there are many factors that cause the nature and type of crime to vary from place to place. Ethnicity is inconsistently collected and often missing in the data. Those of multiple races are only included in 'Other Races.' The Confidence Interval for this metric is not applicable.

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Additional Notes on Data

Data Quality

“Strong” indicates that the metric is measured with adequate accuracy and sample size.
“Marginal” indicates that there are known shortcomings of the data for this metric for this community, and the metric should be used with caution.
“Weak” indicates that although the metric could be computed for this community, we have serious concerns about how accurately it is measured for this community and do not recommend its use. Instead, we recommend seeking more local data sources for this metric.
“NA” indicates that the metric value may be suppressed or unavailable and the quality is not applicable.

Confidence Intervals

Confidence intervals shown are 95 percent.
* This confidence interval is not available at this time.
+ A confidence interval is not applicable.
Lower/Upper bound: The data used to construct this metric do not lend themselves to conventional confidence intervals. The value of the metric shown represents are best estimate; the lower and upper bounds represent alternative estimates of the metric under different assumptions about missing data.

“NC” in fields for confidence intervals or lower/upper bounds means that we are not able to calculate this because the underlying data lack variation.

Missing and Suppressed Values

“NA” in fields for metric values and data quality values indicates that the data are suppressed due to sample sizes or because that element is not applicable to that community (e.g., no zip code in the city is majority non-white).

Version: 2023-06-29 23:02:57